RESUMO
Background and Aim: Flemish cattle in Brazil are on the brink of extinction and are found only in one herd in Lages, Santa Catarina State. This study aimed to uncover the reasons for the recurring abortions in the Flemish cattle herd. Materials and Methods: Seventeen Flemish fetuses underwent postmortem examinations, with samples collected for histopathology and microbiology culture tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Neospora caninum, and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from 2015 to 2020. Results: Of the 17 fetuses, N. caninum was the most common diagnosis and was found in 88% (15/17). One fetus (5.8%) had a coinfection with N. caninum and Citrobacter amalonaticus, leading to fibrinonecrotic pericarditis. All fetuses tested negative for BVDV by RT-PCR. Of the 107 dams tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay, 26 (25.2%) were anti-N. caninum seropositive, with 17 (65.4%) aborting and 5 (19.2%) having estrus repetition. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that 9 (8.4%) of the serum samples collected from dams tested positive, which tested follow-up test 3 months later, indicating a BVDV transient infection. The factors that contributed to neosporosis included dogs' access to pastures and improper disposal of fetal remains, which made it easier for dogs to consume them. Conclusion: This study warns the occurrence of N. caninum as a cause of reproductive disorders that can lead to abortion in the studied Flemish cattle herd.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: The objective was to estimate the most appropriate digestible methionine + cysteine:lysine ratios for growing meat-type quails (Coturnix coturnix) from 1 to 21 days of age. Quails were fed with a basal ration deficient in digestible methionine + cysteine, with five levels of DL-methionine, in substitution of glutamic acid and starch, resulting in digestible methionine + cysteine:lysine ratios of 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81. Feed and methionine + cysteine intake, body weight gain, feed conversion and uniformity were assessed. From 1 to 7 days, an increasing linear effect was observed for feed and methionine + cysteine intake, body weight gain, and uniformity, and a linear decrease for feed conversion. From 8 to 14 days, the 0.70 methionine + cysteine: lysine ratio was the best for feed intake and body weight gain, and for uniformity, the 0.75 methionine + cysteine:lysine ratio was the most appropriate. For methionine + cysteine intake and feed conversion, an increasing and decreasing linear adjustment was observed, respectively. From 15 to 21 days, an increasing linear effect was observed for feed and methionine + cysteine intake and body weight gain; a decreasing linear effect was observed for feed conversion. The 0.81 ratio was the most efficient for feed conversion during all evaluated experimental periods. In conclusion, the 0.81 dietary methionine + cysteine:lysine ratio is the most appropriate for meat-type quails during the first 21 days of age.
RESUMO: O objetivo foi estimar as relações metionina + cisteína: lisina digestíveis mais apropriadas para a criação de codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix) de 1 a 21 dias de idade. As codornas foram alimentadas com uma ração basal deficiente em metionina + cisteína digestível, com cinco níveis de DL-metionina, em substituição ao ácido glutâmico e ao amido, resultando nas relações metionina + cisteína: lisina digestíveis de 0,61; 0,66; 0,71; 0,76 e 0,81. O consumo de ração, a ingestão de metionina + cisteína, o ganho de peso corporal, a conversão alimentar e a uniformidade foram avaliados. De 1 a 7 dias, um efeito linear crescente foi observado para consumo de ração e de metionina + cisteína, ganho de peso corporal e uniformidade, e redução linear para conversão alimentar. De 8 a 14 dias, a relação metionina + cisteína: lisina de 0,70 foi melhor para consumo de ração e ganho de peso corporal, e para uniformidade, a relação metionina + cisteína: lisina de 0,75 foi a mais apropriada. Para consumo de metionina + cisteína e conversão alimentar, um ajuste linear crescente e decrescente foi observado, respectivamente. De 15 a 21 dias, um efeito linear crescente foi observado para consumo de ração e de metionina + cisteína e ganho de peso corporal; um efeito linear decrescente foi observado para conversão alimentar. A relação de 0,81 foi mais eficiente para a conversão alimentar durante todos os períodos experimentais avaliados. Conclui-se que a relação metionina + cisteína: lisina de 0,81 é mais apropriada para codornas de corte durante os primeiros 21 dias de idade.
